TY  - JOUR
PB  - SciPost Foundation
DO  - 10.21468/SciPostPhysCore.6.3.057
TI  - Diffusion of muonic hydrogen in hydrogen gas and the measurement of the 1$s$ hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen
PY  - 2023/08/23
UR  - https://www.scipost.org/SciPostPhysCore.6.3.057
JF  - SciPost Physics Core
JA  - SciPost Phys. Core
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 057
A1  - Nuber, Jonas
AU  - Adamczak, A.
AU  - Abdou Ahmed, M.
AU  - Affolter, L.
AU  - Amaro, F. D.
AU  - Amaro, Pedro
AU  - Antognini, A.
AU  - Carvalho, P.
AU  - Chang, Y. -H.
AU  - Chen, T. -L.
AU  - Chen, W. -L.
AU  - Fernandes, L. M. P.
AU  - Ferro, M.
AU  - Goeldi, D.
AU  - Graf, Thomas
AU  - Guerra, M.
AU  - Hänsch, T. W.
AU  - Henriques, C. A. O.
AU  - Hildebrandt, M.
AU  - Indelicato, P.
AU  - Kara, O.
AU  - Kirch, K.
AU  - Knecht, A.
AU  - Kottmann, F.
AU  - Liu, Y.-W.
AU  - Machado, J.
AU  - Marszalek, M.
AU  - Mano, R. D. P.
AU  - Monteiro, C. M. B.
AU  - Nez, F.
AU  - Ouf, A.
AU  - Paul, N.
AU  - Pohl, R.
AU  - Rapisarda, E.
AU  - dos Santos, J. M. F.
AU  - Santos, J. P.
AU  - Silva, P. A. O. C.
AU  - Sinkunaite, L.
AU  - Shy, J. -T.
AU  - Schuhmann, K.
AU  - Rajamohanan, S.
AU  - Soter, A.
AU  - Sustelo, L.
AU  - Taqqu, David
AU  - Wang, L. -B.
AU  - Wauters, F.
AU  - Yzombard, P.
AU  - Zeyen, M.
AU  - Zhang, J.
AB  - The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom is excited by a laser pulse from the singlet to the triplet hyperfine sub-levels, and is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after this cycle modifies the $\mu$p atom diffusion in the hydrogen gas and the arrival time of the $\mu$p atoms at the target walls. This laser-induced modification of the arrival times is used to expose the atomic transition. In this paper we present the simulation of the $\mu$p diffusion in the H$_2$ gas which is at the core of the experimental scheme. These simulations have been implemented with the Geant4 framework by introducing various low-energy processes including the motion of the H$_2$ molecules, i.e. the effects related with the hydrogen target temperature. The simulations have been used to optimize the hydrogen target parameters (pressure, temperatures and thickness) and to estimate signal and background rates. These rates allow to estimate the maximum time needed to find the resonance and the statistical accuracy of the spectroscopy experiment.
ER  -

@Article{10.21468/SciPostPhysCore.6.3.057,
	title={{Diffusion of muonic hydrogen in hydrogen gas and the measurement of the 1$s$ hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen}},
	author={J. Nuber and A. Adamczak and M. Abdou Ahmed and L. Affolter and F. D. Amaro and P. Amaro and A. Antognini and P. Carvalho and Y. -H. Chang and T. -L. Chen and W. -L. Chen and L. M. P. Fernandes and M. Ferro and D. Goeldi and T. Graf and M. Guerra and T. W. Hänsch and C. A. O. Henriques and M. Hildebrandt and P. Indelicato and O. Kara and K. Kirch and A. Knecht and F. Kottmann and Y. -W. Liu and J. Machado and M. Marszalek and R. D. P. Mano and C. M. B. Monteiro and F. Nez and A. Ouf and N. Paul and R. Pohl and E. Rapisarda and J. M. F. dos Santos and J. P. Santos and P. A. O. C. Silva and L. Sinkunaite and J. -T. Shy and K. Schuhmann and S. Rajamohanan and A. Soter and L. Sustelo and D. Taqqu and L. -B. Wang and F. Wauters and P. Yzombard and M. Zeyen and J. Zhang},
	journal={SciPost Phys. Core},
	volume={6},
	pages={057},
	year={2023},
	publisher={SciPost},
	doi={10.21468/SciPostPhysCore.6.3.057},
	url={https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhysCore.6.3.057},
}

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Authors / Affiliations: mappings to Contributors and Organizations

• ^{1 2} Jonas Nuber,
• ³ A. Adamczak,
• ⁴ M. Abdou Ahmed,
• ¹ L. Affolter,
• ⁵ F. D. Amaro,
• ⁶ Pedro Amaro,
• ^{1 2} A. Antognini,
• ⁶ P. Carvalho,
• ⁷ Y. -H. Chang,
• ⁷ T. -L. Chen,
• ⁷ W. -L. Chen,
• ⁵ L. M. P. Fernandes,
• ⁶ M. Ferro,
• ¹ D. Goeldi,
• ⁴ Thomas Graf,
• ⁶ M. Guerra,
• ^{8 9} T. W. Hänsch,
• ⁵ C. A. O. Henriques,
• ² M. Hildebrandt,
• ¹⁰ P. Indelicato,
• ¹ O. Kara,
• ^{1 2} K. Kirch,
• ² A. Knecht,
• ^{1 2} F. Kottmann,
• ⁷ Y.-W. Liu,
• ⁶ J. Machado,
• ^{1 2} M. Marszalek,
• ⁵ R. D. P. Mano,
• ⁵ C. M. B. Monteiro,
• ¹⁰ F. Nez,
• ¹¹ A. Ouf,
• ¹⁰ N. Paul,
• ¹¹ R. Pohl,
• ² E. Rapisarda,
• ⁵ J. M. F. dos Santos,
• ⁶ J. P. Santos,
• ⁵ P. A. O. C. Silva,
• ^{1 2} L. Sinkunaite,
• ⁷ J. -T. Shy,
• ¹ K. Schuhmann,
• ¹¹ S. Rajamohanan,
• ¹ A. Soter,
• ⁶ L. Sustelo,
• ^{1 2} David Taqqu,
• ⁷ L. -B. Wang,
• ¹¹ F. Wauters,
• ¹⁰ P. Yzombard,
• ¹ M. Zeyen,
• ¹ J. Zhang

• ¹ Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich / Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) [ETH Zurich]
• ² Paul Scherrer Institute [PSI]
• ³ Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences [IFJ PAN]
• ⁴ Universität Stuttgart / University of Stuttgart
• ⁵ Universidade de Coimbra / University of Coimbra
• ⁶ Universidade NOVA de Lisboa / NOVA University Lisbon [NOVA]
• ⁷ National Tsing Hua University [NTHU]
• ⁸ Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik / Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics [MPQ]
• ⁹ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München / Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich [LMU]
• ¹⁰ Laboratoire Kastler Brossel / Kastler-Brossel Laboratory [LKB]
• ¹¹ Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz / Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz