Publications

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Tidal effects in gravitational waves from neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity

Gastón Creci, Iris van Gemeren, Tanja Hinderer, Jan Steinhoff

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 042 (2025) · published 22 May 2025 | · pdf

We compute tidal signatures in the gravitational waves (GWs) from neutron star binary inspirals in scalar-tensor gravity, where the dominant adiabatic even-parity tidal interactions involve three types of Love numbers that depend on the matter equation of state and parameters of the gravitational theory. We calculate the modes of the GW amplitudes and the phase evolution in the time and frequency domain, working up to first order in the post-Newtonian and small finite-size approximations. We also perform several case studies to quantify the dipolar and quadrupolar tidal effects and their parameter dependencies specialized to Gaussian couplings. We show that various tidal contributions enter with different signs and scalings with frequency, which generally leads to smaller net tidal GW imprints than for the same binary system in General Relativity.

4 citations
Exact solution of the Izergin-Korepin Gaudin model with periodic and open boundaries

Xiaotian Xu, Pei Sun, Xin Zhang, Junpeng Cao, Tao Yang

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 041 (2025) · published 21 May 2025 | · pdf

We study the Izergin-Korepin Gaudin models with both periodic and open integrable boundary conditions, which describe quantum systems exhibiting novel long-range interactions. Using the Bethe Ansatz approach, we derive the eigenvalues of the Gaudin operators and the corresponding Bethe Ansatz equations.
Thermalization of the quantum planar rotor with external potential

Birthe Schrinski, Yoon Jun Chan, Björn Schrinski

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 040 (2025) · published 30 April 2025 | · pdf

We study decoherence, diffusion, friction, and how they thermalize a planar rotor in the presence of an external potential. Representing the quantum master equation in terms of auxiliary Wigner functions in periodic phase space not only illustrates the thermalization process in a concise way, but also allows for an efficient numerical evaluation of the open quantum dynamics and its approximate analytical description. In particular, we analytically and numerically verify the existence of a steady state that, in the high-temperature regime, closely approximates a Gibbs state. We also derive the proper classical limit of the planar rotor time evolution and present exemplary numerical studies to verify our results.

1 citation
Identifying the quantum properties of hadronic resonances using machine learning

Jakub Filipek, Shih-Chieh Hsu, John Kruper, Kirtimaan Mohan, Benjamin Nachman

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 039 (2025) · published 28 April 2025 | · pdf

With the great promise of deep learning, discoveries of new particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may be imminent. Following the discovery of a new Beyond the Standard model particle in an all-hadronic channel, deep learning can also be used to identify its quantum numbers. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using jet-images can significantly improve upon existing techniques to identify the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) ('color') as well as the spin of a two-prong resonance using its substructure. Additionally, jet-images are useful in determining what information in the jet radiation pattern is useful for classification, which could inspire future taggers. These techniques improve the categorization of new particles and are an important addition to the growing jet substructure toolkit, for searches and measurements at the LHC now and in the future.
Generalized Komar charges and Smarr formulas for black holes and boson stars

Romina Ballesteros, Tomás Ortín

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 038 (2025) · published 24 April 2025 | · pdf

The standard Komar charge is a $(d-2)$-form that can be defined in spacetimes admitting a Killing vector and which is closed when the vacuum Einstein equations are satisfied. Its integral at spatial infinity (the Komar integral) gives the conserved charge associated to the Killing vector, and, due to its on-shell closedness, the same value (expressed in terms of other physical variables) is obtained integrating over the event horizon (if any). This equality is the basis of the Smarr formula. This charge can be generalized so that it still is closed on-shell in presence of matter and its integrals give generalizations of the Smarr formula. We show how the Komar charge and other closed $(d-2)$-form charges can be used to prove non-existence theorems for gravitational solitons and boson stars. In particular, we show how one can deal with generalized symmetric fields (invariant under a combination of isometries and other global symmetries) and how the generalized symmetric Ansatz permits to evade the non-existence theorems.

2 citations
Optimal, fast, and robust inference of reionization-era cosmology with the 21cmPIE-INN

Benedikt Schosser, Caroline Heneka, Tilman Plehn

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 037 (2025) · published 10 April 2025 | · pdf

Modern machine learning will allow for simulation-based inference from reionization-era 21cm observations at the Square Kilometre Array. Our framework combines a convolutional summary network and a conditional invertible network through a physics-inspired latent representation. It allows for an efficient and extremely fast determination of the posteriors of astrophysical and cosmological parameters, jointly with well-calibrated and on average unbiased summaries. The sensitivity to non-Gaussian information makes our method a promising alternative to the established power spectra.

5 citations
Clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo method for long-range interacting systems

Zhijie Fan, Chao Zhang, Youjin Deng

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 036 (2025) · published 8 April 2025 | · pdf

Simulating long-range interacting systems is a challenging task due to its computational complexity that the computational effort for each local update is of order $\mathcal{O}(N)$, where $N$ is the size of the system. In this work, we introduce the clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo method, an efficient technique for simulating long-range interacting quantum systems. The method is developed by generalizing the clock Monte Carlo method for classical systems [Phys. Rev. E 99 010105 (2019)] to the path-integral representation of long-range interacting quantum systems, with some specific treatments for quantum cases and a few significant technical improvements in general. We first explain how the clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo method is implemented to reduce the computational overhead from $\mathcal{O}(N)$ to $\mathcal{O}(1)$. In particular, the core ingredients, including the concepts of bound probabilities and bound rejection events, the recursive sampling procedure, and the fast algorithms for sampling an extensive set of discrete and small probabilities, are elaborated. Next, we show how the clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo method can be flexibly implemented in various update strategies, like the Metropolis and worm-type algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the high efficiency of the clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo algorithms using examples of three typical long-range interacting quantum systems, including the transverse field Ising model with long-range $z$-$z$ interaction, the extended Bose-Hubbard model with long-range density-density interactions, and the XXZ Heisenberg model with long-range spin interactions. We expect that the clock factorized quantum Monte Carlo method would find broad applications in statistical and condensed-matter physics.

2 citations
$2+1$ dimensional Floquet systems and lattice fermions: Exact bulk spectral equivalence

Thomas Iadecola, Srimoyee Sen, Lars Sivertsen

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 035 (2025) · published 3 April 2025 | · pdf

A connection has recently been proposed between periodically driven systems known as Floquet insulators in continuous time and static fermion theories in discrete time. This connection has been established in a $(1+1)$-dimensional free theory, where an explicit mapping between the spectra of a Floquet insulator and a discrete-time Dirac fermion theory has been formulated. Here we investigate the potential of static discrete-time theories to capture Floquet physics in higher dimensions, where so-called anomalous Floquet topological insulators can emerge that feature chiral edge states despite having bulk bands with zero Chern number. Starting from a particular model of an anomalous Floquet system, we provide an example of a static discrete-time theory whose bulk spectrum is an exact analytic match for the Floquet spectrum. The spectra with open boundary conditions in a particular strip geometry also match up to finite-size corrections. However, the models differ in several important respects. The discrete-time theory is spatially anisotropic, so that the spectra do not agree for all lattice terminations, e.g. other strip geometries or on half spaces. This difference can be attributed to the fact that the static discrete-time model is quasi-one-dimensional in nature and therefore has a different bulk-boundary correspondence than the Floquet model.

1 citation
Scaling laws in jet classification

Joshua Batson, Yonatan Kahn

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 034 (2025) · published 28 March 2025 | · pdf

We demonstrate the emergence of scaling laws in the benchmark top versus QCD jet classification problem in collider physics. Six distinct physically-motivated classifiers exhibit power-law scaling of the binary cross-entropy test loss as a function of training set size, with distinct power law indices. This result highlights the importance of comparing classifiers as a function of dataset size rather than for a fixed training set, as the optimal classifier may change considerably as the dataset is scaled up. We speculate on the interpretation of our results in terms of previous models of scaling laws observed in natural language and image datasets.

3 citations
Engineering unique localization transition with coupled Hatano-Nelson chains

Ritaban Samanta, Aditi Chakrabarty, Sanjoy Datta

SciPost Phys. Core 8, 033 (2025) · published 27 March 2025 | · pdf

The paradigmatic Hatano-Nelson (HN) Hamiltonian induces a delocalization-localization (DL) transition in a one-dimensional (1D) lattice with random disorder, in striking contrast to its Hermitian counterpart. The DL transition also persists in the presence of a quasiperiodic potential separating completely delocalized and localized eigenstates. In this study, we reveal that coupling two 1D quasiperiodic Hatano-Nelson (QHN) lattices signiﬁcantly alters the nature of the DL transition and identify two critical points, $V_{c1} < V_{c2}$, when the nearest neighbors of the two 1D QHN lattices are cross-coupled with strong hopping amplitudes under periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Complete delocalization occurs below $V_{c1}$ and the states are completely localized above $V_{c2}$, while two mobility edges symmetrically emerge about Re[E] = 0 between $V_{c1}$ and $V_{c2}$. Notably, under speciﬁc asymmetric cross-hopping amplitudes, $V_{c1}$ approaches zero, resulting in localized states even for an inﬁnitesimally weak potential. Remarkably, we also ﬁnd that the mobility edges precisely divide the delocalized and localized states in equal proportions. We demonstrate a possible implementation of these findings in a coupled waveguided array which can be exploited to control and manipulate the light localization depending upon the hopping amplitude in the two QHN chains.

1 citation

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