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Emergent Area Operators in the Boundary

by Ronak M Soni

Submission summary

Authors (as registered SciPost users): Ronak M. Soni
Submission information
Preprint Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01382v2  (pdf)
Date submitted: Nov. 9, 2025, 9:44 a.m.
Submitted by: Ronak M. Soni
Submitted to: SciPost Physics
Ontological classification
Academic field: Physics
Specialties:
  • High-Energy Physics - Theory
  • Quantum Physics
Approach: Theoretical
Disclosure of Generative AI use

The author(s) disclose that the following generative AI tools have been used in the preparation of this submission:

- Diagram generation (tikz formatting).
- Literature searches.

Main ideas and all the writing done by humans.

Abstract

In some cases in two and three bulk dimensions without bulk local degrees of freedom, I look for area operators in a fixed boundary theory. In each case, I define an exact quantum error-correcting code (QECC) and show that it admits a central decomposition. However, the area operator that arises from this central decomposition vanishes. A non-zero area operator, however, emerges after coarse-graining. The expectation value of this operator approximates the actual entanglement entropy for a class of states that do not form a linear subspace. These non-linear constraints can be interpreted as semiclassicality conditions. The coarse-grained area operator is ambiguous, and this ambiguity can be matched with that in defining fixed-area states.

Author indications on fulfilling journal expectations

  • Provide a novel and synergetic link between different research areas.
  • Open a new pathway in an existing or a new research direction, with clear potential for multi-pronged follow-up work
  • Detail a groundbreaking theoretical/experimental/computational discovery
  • Present a breakthrough on a previously-identified and long-standing research stumbling block
Current status:
In refereeing

Reports on this Submission

Report #1 by Anonymous (Referee 1) on 2025-12-29 (Invited Report)

Strengths

Clearly written

Weaknesses

Lacks technical novelty

Results and arguments are known in the literature

Report

The author is trying give a statistical description of the coarse-graining protocol that could lead to an emergent area operator which is nonlinear in the state. Then the author tested this statistical description in holographic 2d CFT's and found known results about area operators in that case could be reproduced. This article is clearly written modulo some confusing physical explanations of various steps in the derivation.

However, the central result-- the statistical description of the coarse-graining-- in the paper has been understood in the community. Though it might not be written down in a general form in existing literature due to its transparency and simplicity, writing a small piece of the known result down is not enough to qualify as a scientific paper. This draft is better suited for pedagogical journals like SciPost lecture notes. Thus I suggest the author to consider this type of journals instead of journals reporting novel scientific results.

Recommendation

Accept in alternative Journal (see Report)

  • validity: poor
  • significance: low
  • originality: poor
  • clarity: good
  • formatting: reasonable
  • grammar: excellent

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