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Ground State Analysis of the Spin-1/2 XX Chain Model with Anisotropic Three-Spin Interaction
by Nima Mahboob, Saeed Mahdavifar, Fatemeh Khastehdel Fumani
Submission summary
| Authors (as registered SciPost users): | Saeed Mahdavifar |
| Submission information | |
|---|---|
| Preprint Link: | scipost_202501_00035v3 (pdf) |
| Date accepted: | July 7, 2025 |
| Date submitted: | June 26, 2025, 5:03 p.m. |
| Submitted by: | Saeed Mahdavifar |
| Submitted to: | SciPost Physics |
| Ontological classification | |
|---|---|
| Academic field: | Physics |
| Specialties: |
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| Approach: | Theoretical |
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the ground state properties of the spin-1/2 XX chain model with anisotropic three-spin interaction using the fermionization technique. By exactly diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, we analyze the dispersion relation, ground state energy, and order parameters. Our findings identify two gapless phases, distinguished by a Lifshitz transition line: one exhibiting long-range chiral correlations and the other characterized by chiral-nematic correlations. These correlations do not correspond to conventional symmetry-breaking local order parameters typically associated with gapped one-dimensional phases but instead signify emergent quantum coherence in the gapless regime. Further, we study the ground state phase diagram through the concurrence and quantum discord between nearest-neighbor spins, finding that these measures are maximized at the critical line, with an additional entangled region observed. Finally, we examine the spin squeezing parameter and entanglement entropy, demonstrating that the ground state is squeezed throughout and becomes extremely squeezed at the critical line. Notably, in the gapless chiral-nematic phase, the Heisenberg limit is achieved. By dividing the system into two equal parts, we observe significant entanglement in the gapless chiral phase. The central charge calculation confirms the critical nature of the gapless chiral-nematic phase, while the entanglement entropy follows volume-law scaling in the gapless chiral phase.
Author indications on fulfilling journal expectations
- Provide a novel and synergetic link between different research areas.
- Open a new pathway in an existing or a new research direction, with clear potential for multi-pronged follow-up work
- Detail a groundbreaking theoretical/experimental/computational discovery
- Present a breakthrough on a previously-identified and long-standing research stumbling block
Author comments upon resubmission
We are submitting a revised version of our manuscript, in which we have addressed the valuable comments raised by the referee.
We also appreciate the referee's thoughtful feedback, which has improved the clarity and completeness of our work.
Sincerely,
Saeed Mahdavifar
List of changes
Thank you very much for your thoughtful and constructive feedback.
Following your advice, we have revised the abstract to include a clearer and more nuanced explanation, explicitly noting that these are not conventional symmetry-breaking local order parameters. We agree that this clarification helps prevent potential confusion, especially considering the typical correspondence between such local order parameters and gapped phases in one dimension.
We have also now performed a more detailed analysis of the cluster order parameters and as functions of the parameter \alpha. These results are presented in the revised manuscript in Fig. 2. This additional data allows us to more clearly illustrate the behavior of these quantities within the chiral-nematic phase, particularly near and across the transition line. Additionally, we have expanded our discussion in the manuscript—see the second and third paragraphs of the right column on page 6.
We hope these changes address your concerns and improve the clarity of our presentation.
Sincerely,
Saeed Mahdavifar
Published as SciPost Phys. Core 8, 050 (2025)