Polarization detection is often affected by complex weather conditions, leading to deviations in test information. This is due to the influence of scattering media such as water mist particles and gas molecules in the atmosphere on the propagation of polarized light waves. To address this issue, this paper establishes a depolarization model for the multiple scattering propagation of a 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed circularly polarized laser(NPCPL) in an aerosol environment based on Mie scattering theory and the Monte Carlo algorithm. The depolarization characteristics of polarized light in four typical near-ground aerosol particles are calculated, and the influence of pulse width, concentration, transmission distance, and particle radius on forward scattering depolarization is analyzed. Based on simulation data, an exponential decay fitting model of polarization degree(DOP) as a function of particle concentration, radius, and transmission distance is further proposed. The fitting determination coefficient R² reaches 0.952, indicating that this model can comprehensively reflect the influence mechanism of scattering polarization on atmospheric propagation by parameters such as particle concentration, radius, transmission distance, and refractive index. The results show that the DOP decreases under the influence of pulse width, concentration, transmission distance, and particle radius. This is because scattering occurs due to the interaction between photons and the propagation medium. The scattering direction directly determines the scattering intensity of the perpendicular and parallel components, and this difference in intensity leads to polarization. The research findings of this article can provide a theoretical basis for applications of NPCPL in lidar, laser ranging, and wireless laser communication.
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