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Extrapolating jet radiation with autoregressive transformers

Anja Butter, François Charton, Javier Mariño Villadamigo, Ayodele Ore, Tilman Plehn, Jonas Spinner

SciPost Phys. 20, 004 (2026) · published 12 January 2026

Abstract

Generative networks are an exciting tool for fast LHC event generation with fixed number of particles. Autoregressive transformers allow us to generate events containing variable numbers of particles, very much in line with the physics of QCD jet radiation, and offer the possibility to generalize to higher multiplicities. We show how transformers can learn a factorized likelihood for jet radiation and extrapolate in terms of the number of generated jets. For this extrapolation, bootstrapping training data and training with modifications of the likelihood loss can be used.

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